licitar

The licitar is a colourfully decorated biscuit made from sweet honey dough, part of the cultural heritage of Croatia and Slovenia. It is a traditional symbol of the city of Zagreb and a gift closely linked to celebrations of love, such as weddings and Valentine's Day.

History

The custom of making and giving licitars goes back to the 16th century. Their makers, known as medičari, enjoyed high standing in society, and their pieces were in great demand; giving a licitar was even considered a more sentimental gesture than giving a rose. They became famous at the Marian shrine of Marija Bistrica, near Zagreb, which pilgrims visited for the Assumption and St Margaret's Day. Although not a religious emblem, many people bought them as a reminder of the long and sometimes arduous journey to Zagorje, and their simple shape and bright decoration made them ideal to show family and neighbours on returning home.

The ingredients are simple (honey, flour, eggs, water and food colouring), but the process is slow. The dough matures for several days, is shaped, baked and left to dry for about two weeks. It is then coloured, dried for another two weeks, decorated and left to rest for one more week. Traditionally they are made entirely by hand, with a swirling outline, small flower motifs and sometimes a tiny mirror.

Culture

Today licitars are typical souvenirs of Croatia and Slovenia, sold at airports in both countries and in many tourist gift shops. They are also used as Christmas tree decorations, as favours for wedding guests, as corporate gifts or simply as ornaments. Less often, they still serve as a token of affection. In 2010 UNESCO inscribed the gingerbread craft of Northern Croatia on its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

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